What do you think , is bipolar disorder hereditary ?
What are the probabilities of manic depression being passed on if it runs in your family?
Genetics affect whether an individual might develop manic depression, a highly treatable psychological state condition affecting about 2.8 per cent of adults within us.
But while genes are important, your odds of inheriting manic depression still depend upon numerous environmental and behavioural factors.
HOW LIKELY ARE YOU TO INHERIT BIPOLAR DISORDER ?
Researchers have established that manic depression features a genetic component. Based on twin studies, the chances of bipolar disorder being passed on is estimated to be around 60 to 80 per cent.
This means that if you’ve got got a primary degree relative to a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder, your chances of developing it’s about 10 times greater than those in the general population (0.5 to 1.5 per cent).
So, if your father or sister lives with bipolar disorder, your risk is about 5 to 10 per cent. But even if you have an identical twin with bipolar disorder a person with whom you would share 100 per cent of your genes your chances are still only about 50 per cent.
According to a 2016 study, the genetic risk appears to be similar no matter whether it comes from the mother’s or father’s side of the family.
But albeit this psychological state condition is often inherited, many of us with manic depression are isolated cases and do not have a case history of the illness.
It is considered somewhat rare for bipolar disorder to affect multiple members of a family over several generations.
ARE YOU BORN WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER ?
Babies are not born with symptoms of bipolar disorder. But someone with a genetic risk is born carrying the genes which will increase their chances of developing the condition later in life.
However, many other factors besides heredity and genes play a task in whether these genes are going to be triggered, causing the disorder to develop.
It is rare for symptoms of manic depression to start in childhood. For most people with manic depression, symptoms start to seem in late adolescence or early adulthood.
IS BIPOLAR DISORDER CAUSED BY A SINGLE GENE?
Bipolar disorder isn’t caused by one gene. Rather, many gene variants and factors are involved in the development of manic depression for somebody who features a case history.
Other environmental factors also play a task in triggering the onset of manic depression in people with a genetic risk, but appear to contribute to a lesser degree.
So albeit your risk of developing manic depression might be higher if your parent or sibling has it, there is still an honest chance you won’t have manic depression without other specific factors present.
HOW COMMON IS BIPOLAR DISORDER IN FAMILY MEMBERS ?
In one gene study, researchers evaluated the family histories of people with bipolar I disorder to see how often the disorder appeared.
In total, they looked at 156 participants with bipolar disorder (sixty-five women and ninty-one men) and their family members:
Among fifty-seven participants, bipolar disorder was detected in a first-degree relative: parents, siblings, and children.
Among twenty-two people, the condition was detected in a second-degree relative: grandparents, aunts and uncles, or nieces and nephews.
In fourteen participants, it had been detected in interrogation relatives and beyond: cousins, great grandparents, and great uncles and aunts.
Similar results appeared no matter whether the genetic risk came from the mother’s or father’s side of the family.
Evidence suggests that folks with a case history of manic depression could also be more likely to experience:
Earlier onset of symptoms
Seizures
Higher hospitalization rates
Irritable mood
Rapid cycling
Anxiety
Depression
IS BIPOLAR DISORDER A SINGLE CONDITION ?
Rather than just being one disorder, some experts have proposed trusted Source that bipolar disorder is a group of related mood disorders, sometimes called “bipolar spectrum disorders.”
Since symptoms of manic depression overlap with many other conditions and experiences — like side effects of using certain drugs — it’s not uncommon for people to be misdiagnosed or to possess several diagnoses over a lifetime.
So while manic depression tends to follow a typical disease course of intense shifts in mood and energy, individual symptoms vary widely and don’t fit neatly into one box.
For some people living with manic depression, low mood is often the core symptom, while in others, it’s going to be an elevated mood with excessive energy.
About half rusted sources of individuals diagnosed with manic depression are likely to experience psychosis.
Research suggests that 82.9 per cent of people with bipolar disorder may experience more severe symptoms of the condition, the highest rate among all mood disorders.
According to the data, the more severe bipolar disorder symptoms may cause “serious impairment,” characterized as intense shifts in mood, activity levels and energy affecting a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks.
RELATED CONDITIONS
Bipolar disorder appears to share a genetic link with related psychological state conditions. This means that other treatable conditions can also develop during a person with manic depression.
Conditions that will sometimes collocate with manic depression include:
Anxiety disorders
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Substance use disorder
Researchers suggest that relatives of people with bipolar disorder could be more likely to develop depression than bipolar disorder, illustrating a genetic component that goes beyond diagnostic categories.
Research in the year 2014 Trusted Source suggests bipolar disorder also appears to share a genetic relationship with autism and schizophrenia.
While schizoaffective disorder has been studied less, there is some evidence that it also shares a family overlap with both schizophrenia and manic depression.
THE HUMAN GENOME AND BIPOLAR DISORDER
In a large genome-wide association study, researchers have identified 64 regions of the human genome that can increase someone’s chances of developing bipolar disorder. This is quite twice the amount previously known.
For the study, a world team of researchers and scientists searched for common genetic markers in people with manic depression.
They scanned quite 7.5 million common DNA variations in nearly 415,000 people quite 40,000 were diagnosed with manic depression.
Overall, they identified sixty-four regions of the genome that may increase someone’s chances of developing the condition. These included DNA variations involved in nerve cell communication and calcium signalling.
The study’s findings also suggested that:
Sleep habits also like alcohol and substance use influence manic depression development.
There are genetically distinct bipolar disorder subtypes.
Genetic overlap may exist between manic depression and other psychological state conditions, like autism and schizophrenia.
Bipolar I disorder features a strong genetic similarity with schizophrenia, but bipolar II disorder is more genetically almost like depression.
OTHER RISK FACTORS
Although there is a genetic component to developing manic depression, other environmental and behavioural factors got to be present to trigger symptoms of this psychological state condition.
AT-RISK SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHICS
Some researchers suggest that certain demographics may carry a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder, including people who are:
Living in under-resourced communities
Unmarried
Unemployed
However, it is going to be possible that these groups’ circumstances might be thanks to the social disruption that is sometimes caused by managing manic depression.
Conversely, an equivalent study suggests that opposite demographics may have a greater chance of developing manic depression. This includes people with a higher:
Socioeconomic status
Occupational level
Creativity
This is contrary to findings on demographics in danger of schizophrenia and developing depression.
People living in urban environments can also have a better chance of developing manic depression with psychosis, consistent with the study.
However, research has found no association between urban residence and bipolar depression without psychosis. This may suggest that living in a city might be a risk factor of developing psychosis, instead of manic depression.
Other factors associated with bipolar disorder include:
Trauma
High levels of stress
Substance or alcohol use
Sleep deprivation
A concussion or traumatic head injury
Infection
Inflammation
NEXT STEPS
If you are currently living with manic depression, you are not alone. Bipolar disorder may be a manageable psychological state condition with many treatment options.
Managing the symptoms and mood changes related to manic depression can assist you to feel better.
Most people with manic depression need a mixture of treatments, including:
Self-care
Psychotherapy
Lifestyle changes
Medications
For more information on seeking support for manic depression, visit Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance.
SUICIDE PREVENTION
If you are considering self-harm or suicide, you are not alone. Help is available right now:
Call a crisis hotline, like the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255.
Text HOME to the Crisis Text Line at 741741.
SOURCE
https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/is-bipolar-genetic-causes-and-risk-factors