Chlamydia: Sexually Transmitted Infection Basics
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that often shows no symptoms—but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health issues. Here’s what you need to know.
What Is Chlamydia?
Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat or eyes. Without treatment, it may spread quietly.
How Common Is It?
Chlamydia is one of the most commonly reported STIs worldwide. In the UK and US, young people aged 16–24 are most affected.
Symptoms in Women and Men
- Women: often none, but may include unusual discharge, pelvic pain, bleeding after sex or between periods
- Men: clear or cloudy discharge, burning sensation when urinating, testicular pain or swelling
- Rectal infections: pain, discharge or bleeding—common after anal sex
- Throat infections: usually asymptomatic, but may cause mild sore throat
Why Early Detection Matters
- Untreated chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility or ectopic pregnancy in women.
- In men, it may lead to epididymitis (swelling of the testicles) and rare infertility.
- It increases risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.
How It’s Tested and Treated
- Testing is easy: urine test or swab from the infected area.
- Treatment: short course of antibiotics—azithromycin or doxycycline.
- Most people are cured within one week, but sex should be avoided for 7 days.
- Repeat testing after 3 months is recommended—re‐infection is common.
Prevention Tips
- Use condoms consistently—male or female condoms reduce risk.
- Limit number of sexual partners and consider mutual monogamy if both tested.
- Get regular STI screenings, especially if you’re under 25 or with multiple partners.
- Inform recent partners so they can get tested and treated too.
Real‑Life Example
Jade, 22, had no symptoms until a routine check revealed chlamydia. She completed treatment, her partner was treated too, and a follow‑up test was clear. She now tests every 6 months and always discusses sexual health openly with new partners.
FAQs
1. Can chlamydia go away on its own?
No—without treatment, it often persists and may lead to complications. Antibiotics are needed.
2. Is it safe to have sex during treatment?
No. Wait 7 days after starting antibiotics, and ensure your partner is treated before resuming sex.
3. Can you get it again?
Yes. Re‑infection is common. Routine repeat testing 3 months after treatment is advised.
4. Will treatment stop future problems?
Yes—early treatment before complications occur prevents PID, infertility or chronic pain.
5. Should I inform past partners?
Yes—contact recent partners so they can get tested and treated to prevent re‑infection and spread.
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Final Thought
Chlamydia is common—but treatable and preventable. Regular testing, open communication with partners and consistent contraception are your best tools. Protect your health and your future.