How many women are an asset ownership in India?
For half a century, Indian women’s labor force participation has only declined. A variety of socio-economic and cultural factors have a powerful influence on women’s participation in the economy. India urgently needs to implement a series of structural reforms to improve gender equality, but the outline of this issue is: Between gender and wealth, ownership in women’s participation in the labor market.
Therefore, participation in the workforce is no longer an alternative to household responsibility and the economic pursuit, but women can now choose to work as they please.
Let us examine the role of the platform economy in strengthening the participation of women in the face of gender differences in asset ownership.
Women and Economy
On February 1, 2021, India’s first full-time finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, became the first woman to present three budgets to the Indian cabinet at the latest since the onset of the unprecedented Covid-19 crisis. She announced India’s first all-digital budget to promote India’s economic recovery, resilience and growth .
She presented a budget that would allow women to work in all shifts in all industries and professions, and was coveted to speed up women’s workforce participation(FLFP).
It is surprising that women make up almost half of India’s population, but less than 20% of women in the group aged 15-59, have paid jobs. After the highest FLFP of only 33% recorded in 1972-73, the Indian economy saw only one outflow of women.
Over the last 30 years, there have been less than 4,444 women working. 19% of employment opportunities are created in India’s 10 fastest growing professions.
What is an asset?
We define assets as “a stock of physical, financial, human, natural and social resources that can be gained, developed, enhanced and / or transmitted across generations”.
Assets (both tangible (telephone, car)and intangible (skills, permits, etc.)) generate cash flow, reduce costs and increase profits. households generate wealth by (i) increasing income, (ii) diversifying sources of income, (iii) reducing risks associated with livelihood activities, and (iv) liquidating assets to cope with the shock.
The lack of women’s ownership and control over productive assets is associated with adverse effects in the areas of FLFP, gender equality, and women’s empowerment. If a woman owns the property but cannot manage the property, the profit from using the property is gained from the man.
How many women have their own vehicle?
Owning or driving a car is also a practical choice for women who need to balance between different domestic and work commitments. Women choose their own car. It offers a sense of freedom, safety and reliability over the alternatives available.
The number of female car buyers in India is steadily increasing, doubling between 2012 and 2017. According to industry estimates, women account for 10-12% of sales in the 2.96 million passenger car segment. The percentage of female buyers of luxury cars is even higher, ranging from 15% to 20%.
Do women have freedom to own and use phones?
By 2022, India’s smartphone users are expected to reach 829 million. However, the country has one of the largest gender gaps in Asian mobility. 71% of Indian men use mobile phones, compared to only 38% of women.
In addition, 47% of women who access the phone are more likely to be borrowers than owners. Only a small percentage of men rent mobile phones. In Indian society, mobile gender inequality is widespread, with at least 10% inequality across demographic parameters such as age group, country of residence, marriage history, academic background, urbanity and poverty.
What is the estimate of land ownership of women?
Globally, it is estimated that women own 10 to less than 20 percent (WEF) of the world’s land. In India, there are two national-level surveys that seek to provide gender-classified land tenure data. It is the National Family Health Survey and the Indian Human Development Survey.
However, these two databases with extraordinary results are not without their weaknesses. NFHS-5 data estimate that 38.7% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 own a home or property (shared or alone), but an IHDS survey (2010-11) found that 18% own property (although this data does not capture the shared ownership of the property).
In addition, for farmland ownership alone, the numbers show a difficult scenario. In India, they estimate that over 70% of rural women work as agricultural workers, with only 14% of female landowners being women and owning only about 12% of all agricultural assets.
What is the need for gender -responsive policy on land ownership ?
Despite the lack of clear and credible records of women’s property, women suffer serious disadvantages in accessing property rights.
According to a more generous estimate that has been criticized as highly unrealistic (i.e., the NFHS-5 dataset), only one in three women owns property jointly or independently.
First, existing laws need to be considered from a gender perspective in order to define and amend the laws that discriminate against women.
For example, A paper published by the National Institute for Public Finance and Policy for the Property Rights Research Consortium states that the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 made some changes to reduce discrimination against women by name.
Second, the laws of some states after the Indian Stamp After lessons that can be used in other states as well.
Are Indian Women interested in digital assets?
Over the past year, the leading Indian crypto platform WazirX has seen a staggering 1,355 percent increase in investors. At WazirX, 15% of users are investors, of which 63% of traders are under the age of 34 and 82% are under the age of 44.
Geographically, urban areas continue to dominate, with most female investors coming from states such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Delhi. These results are part of a recent study conducted by WazirX to measure user interest in digital assets.
Interestingly, the report reveals that women investors prefer Bitcoin and men are trading more Shiba Inu on the platform.
Summing it up
India’s march towards a sustainable, resilient and inclusive future will only be completed if gender equality is a priority.
Therefore, India ranges from a balanced division of labor at the household level between women and men to improve women’s ownership and asset management and improved access to women’s access to economic opportunities.
Reference-approphttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2021.1887478riate